Mooney lands in California neighborhood after running out of fuel

The pilot and passenger planned a round trip personal flight in the pilot’s Mooney M20E.

According to the pilot, he wanted to fuel the plane before the return leg, but he did not do so due to the passenger’s desire to arrive home before a certain time.

During the initial descent of the return leg, the engine lost total power.

The pilot conducted a series of troubleshooting steps to no avail and then conducted a forced landing onto a residential street in Glendale, California, and hit trees.

Post-accident wreckage examination revealed that both fuel tanks were empty, and although the right fuel tank sustained a small breach during impact, there was no fuel odor at the accident site.

A series of brown streaks were observed trailing from an area adjacent to the right-wing fuel sump drain. The sump valve sealant was badly degraded, and it is possible that a small fuel leak had developed at an undetermined time. However, blue streaking would have been more likely if a significant and recent fuel loss had occurred.

Further examination revealed no leaks in the fuel supply system or engine.

During an engine test run, the engine started normally and operated through its full speed range with no evidence of a mechanical anomaly.

The pilot had purchased the airplane five months before the accident and had been tracking fuel consumption since his purchase. He determined a representative fuel burn rate based on fuel purchases and engine tachometer hour-meter readings. The pilot reported that he did this because the fuel gauges were unreliable, and he did not possess a calibrated dipstick to measure the actual fuel quantities.

Using his calculated fuel burn and tachometer reading method, the pilot estimated that he had enough fuel remaining to complete the flight and land with the required 45-minute fuel reserve.

However, he had performed multiple flights since the last fill up, which included one go-around and a full runway-length taxi earlier in the day. The total time for those flights was near the airplane’s fuel endurance limit when measured by tachometer time, but the fuel consumption was likely higher due to the increased consumption demanded by the engine during the multiple takeoffs.

It is likely that the pilot miscalculated the amount of fuel on board before the flight, which resulted in fuel exhaustion and a subsequent total loss of engine power.

Probable cause: The pilot’s inadequate preflight fuel planning and improper decision to not refuel before the flight, which resulted in fuel exhaustion and the subsequent total loss of engine power.

NTSB Identification: WPR17LA212

This September 2017 accident report is provided by the National Transportation Safety Board. Published as an educational tool, it is intended to help pilots learn from the misfortunes of others.