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Hypoxia demonstration an eye-opener for GA pilots at Oshkosh

By Frederick Johnsen · August 31, 2023 ·

General aviation pilots at EAA AirVenture Oshkosh 2023 volunteered to sustain oxygen deprivation, turn blue, and emulate barely-sentient zombies in the interest of flight safety — their own flight safety.

Dana Rose, right, breathes oxygen to assuage the effects of hypoxia in the FAA’s hypoxia simulator set up at AirVenture 2023. To Dana’s right, Canadian GA pilot Aime Fauchon continued his efforts unmasked for a few more moments. (Photo by Frederick A. Johnsen)

The opportunity came in the form of a Plexiglas box that seated about five pilots, plus an FAA monitor. Called the Portable Reduced Oxygen Training Enclosure (PROTE), it’s an ingenious little room that has pumps to evacuate oxygen down to about 7% and replace it with nitrogen, simulating an altitude of 25,000 to 27,000 feet without the pressure changes associated with old-school iron altitude chambers.

Because there is no pressure variable, the introduction of nitrogen into the body does not produce negative effects like decompression sickness, FAA instructor J.R. Brown explains. He is part of the FAA’s Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI), an organization that provides, among other things, medical research and education of use to pilots.

The PROTE lab at East Texas Regional Airport (KGGG) during one of the FAA’s hypoxia training sessions. (Photo by LeTourneau University)

Especially for GA pilots, the portable set-up offers a realistic simulation of oxygen deprivation as a gradual phenomenon, not the rapid-decompression bang that traditional chambers produce.

Within seconds of entering the box, pilots are beginning to exhibit reduced capabilities associated with oxygen deprivation. Vision degradation and mild headaches are frequently felt first.

Knowing your symptoms is a life-saver. The FAA team gives each pilot a clipboard on which they write down their symptoms as they feel them.

Brown tells the pilots to look at each other to see if anyone shows signs of turning blue — cyanotic — as their access to oxygen wanes. He says this can be a way for people in multi-seat aircraft to detect the presence of hypoxia by seeing it in others.

And then the zombie games begin. With oxygen masks at the ready, the unmasked pilots are asked to perform simple math tasks.

“Reciprocal heading from 125. Give me that heading,” Brown asks over a PA system.

Some of the pilots feel symptoms quickly and don their oxygen masks, which quickly return their blood oxygen levels to normal. Others soldier on without masking until their answers no longer make sense and their cognitive functions slow to a halt. Some of these pilots need to be helped putting their masks up to their faces.

The lessons are evident. Hypoxia is an insidious phenomenon that will rob anyone of the ability to function.

Aime Fauchon, a 10-year VFR pilot, who flew to AirVenture from Edmonton, Alberta, said he was having a harder time concentrating the longer he went unmasked in the simulator. He compared it to the mental fog that comes at the end of a four-hour exam.

Towards the end of the session, he was performing tasks requested by Brown that he did not remember after leaving the portable chamber. Fauchon commented on the dangers of “hypoxic amnesia.”

Seated next to Fauchon was college senior Dana Rose from Ohio, where she is working toward a career as a commercial air cargo pilot. She experienced a dizzying lightheadedness, noting that she found the session helpful.

The ticket for admission to the hypoxia demonstrator is a current medical certificate. The FAA takes its box on the road, supporting about a half-dozen events a year across the country.

About Frederick Johnsen

Fred Johnsen is a product of the historical aviation scene in the Pacific Northwest. The author of numerous historical aviation books and articles, Fred was an Air Force historian and curator. Now he devotes his energies to coverage for GAN as well as the Airailimages YouTube Channel. You can reach him at [email protected].

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Comments

  1. JR Brown says

    September 6, 2023 at 5:18 am

    Hi
    I’m JR Brown. I’m one of the instructors who run this device. Thank for attending if you have done this demo. And for the rest…well…”come on down”. We look forward to seeing you. We travel to around 12 sights per year located all across the country. We are in Vegas in Sept, Akron in Oct and D.C. in November. Check the FAAs Safety Team website for more info.

  2. Terk Williams says

    September 1, 2023 at 12:00 pm

    Being an old helo pilot and antiquer I rarely get over about 8,000 ft but between 60+ years as a diver and many years as a USCG Flt Safety guy I am aware.. but not experiencedo. I’m looking forward to a shot at the box. Hopefully they will make Sun n Fun!

  3. JimH in CA says

    August 31, 2023 at 11:34 am

    The article would have been more informative if it was mentioned that an SPO2 of 90% is considered borderline hypoxic.
    As an older pilot, in my 70’s, I fly with a pulse oxymeter , doing a step climb, and note the altitude where my O2. drops to 90%….which now is 9,500 ft. So I don’t fly at this altitude or higher without supplemental oxygen.

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