NTSB

The student pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing.

The student pilot’s failure to establish a positive climb rate during an aborted landing, which resulted in abnormal runway contact, a subsequent loss of directional control, runway excursion, and the right main landing gear collapsing.

The student pilot’s loss of directional control during the landing roll, which resulted in a collision with a taxiway sign.

The student pilot’s failure to maintain the runway heading during takeoff, which resulted in impact with a snowbank and a subsequent nose-over.

The pilot’s failure to maintain the proper descent rate during the approach to landing, which resulted in a hard landing and serious injury to a passenger.

The pilot receiving instruction’s failure to maintain directional control during the takeoff roll, which resulted in a runway excursion and ground-loop, and the flight instructor’s failure to adequately monitor the pilot.

The student pilot’s failure to maintain yaw control during takeoff, which resulted in an aborted takeoff and subsequent landing on grassy terrain, during which the airplane bounced and then nosed over.

The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during landing with a gusting crosswind, which resulted in a runway excursion and the left wing impacting grass.

The student pilot’s failure to maintain directional control and his use of excessive braking while taxiing.