NTSB

Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to apply carburetor heat in conditions conducive to the accumulation of carburetor icing, which resulted in a total loss of engine power.

Probable cause: The pilot’s reckless decision to conduct low-level flight over a canyon, resulting in the airplane’s impact with power lines and terrain.

Probable cause: The improper insulation of the anticollision light wiring, which resulted in the ignition of combustible fuel vapors in the outboard section of the right wing; the source of the fuel leak could not be determined due to fire damage.

Probable cause: The student pilot’s failure to retract the flaps following landing and the stall/mush that resulted during the subsequent full-flap takeoff and initial climb.

Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during the landing roll and his subsequent inability to recover due to his foot being stuck.

Probable cause: The pilot’s improper preflight fuel planning, which resulted in fuel exhaustion and the subsequent total loss of engine power.

Probable cause: The pilot’s improper landing flare, which resulted in a hard landing. Contributing to the accident were the pilot’s lack of experience and training in the accident airplane make and model.

Probable cause: The failure of both pilots to see and avoid the other airplane while in level cruise flight, which resulted in a midair collision.

Probable cause: The pilot’s failure to recover from a spin for reasons that could not be determined based on the available information.