“For the Duration,” a term with poignant and hopeful symbolism in World War II, has gained currency in today’s media as commentators reference the unknown length of COVID-19 remediation and its effects on society. 

The phrase was used with quiet patriotic optimism in World War II as manufacturers of consumer goods told the American public that their factories were converted to only wartime production “For the Duration.”

Invoking “the Duration” during World War II was tacit acknowledgement of hardships to be borne. And the Duration was an unknown event some time in the future throughout the war, even as Allied victories raised hopes by 1943. Two more years of war would unfold before the Duration came to pass.

If there’s a certain cachet for being first in a field, there’s also the risk of being outmoded by the second entrant in that field.

The Boeing 247 airliner set a standard when it first flew on Feb. 8, 1933. An obvious replacement for the trimotored airliners then in service, the 247 built upon Boeing’s pioneering aluminum airframe work with the earlier single-engine Monomail transport and twin-engine B-9 bomber. 

The 247 was the first American low-wing multi-engine transport. It set the tone for airliners to follow.

The miracle of production capacity that saw the United States build about 35,000 four-engine bombers during World War II, along with 50,000 fighters and thousands of medium bombers, transports and trainers, was a juggernaut with many moving parts.

In the first full year of American participation in the war, military and industrial planners faced demands on a scale never before contemplated. 

The North American Aviation B-25 Mitchell medium bomber played a key role in the Allied victory in World War II around the globe.

Of the 9,800 B-25s built between 1940 and 1945, the U.S. Army Air Forces had more than a couple thousand in service at the height of the bomber’s employment in the war, while Great Britain and the Soviet Union also flew squadrons of Mitchells.

Responding to Air Corps requests for bomber designs, North American created the NA-40 twin engine bomber that first flew in January 1939. The NA-40 had promise, but warranted a redesign that became the B-25 of 1940.

By the last year of World War I, the major combatants had made significant contributions to the aeronautical state of the art.

America created the Liberty engine. Germany produced the advanced Fokker D.VII biplane fighter. France gave the Allies the sturdy and fast SPAD XIII. And England, after a bit of a rough start, produced one of the finest fighters of the war, the S.E. 5A.

Before jet-age stretches of transport aircraft fuselage designs became commonplace, in World War II the Consolidated Aircraft Company demonstrated how it is done with the famed B-24 Liberator heavy bomber.

In 1941, ahead of America’s entry into the war, Consolidated made a design change to the Liberator that added nearly 3′ — 2′, 7″, to be exact — to the nose of the aircraft ahead of the cockpit. This gave all subsequent Liberators a longer, less pug-nosed appearance and provided greater space where the navigator and bombardier worked.

Charles Lindbergh’s May 1927 transatlantic flight is credited with stoking an unprecedented national sense of airmindedness.

A friend of Lindbergh’s, Oliver Parks, established Parks Air College that December and embarked on a mission to educate pilots and aeronautical engineers to meet the demands of industry.

Parks’ bag of tricks included having students build aircraft that were used in the college’s flight training program. The first of these was the P-1, a very conventional biplane powered by an OX-5 engine, its radiator placed between and just ahead of the main landing gear struts extending from the belly of the forward fuselage. 

The big Curtiss C-46 Commando transport of World War II was a milestone in air transport. With a wingspan greater than that of a four-engine B-17, the C-46 used a pair of R-2800 radial engines to get it aloft at a gross weight of 56,000 pounds. It was the largest twin-engine aircraft in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II.

Military Commandos hauled troops and carried vehicles and light aircraft, loaded through a large aperture in the left side of the fuselage.

The C-46 in popular literature has been viewed as a maintenance-prone airlifter when compared with the smaller Douglas C-47. And yet the Commando’s weight-lifting and altitude performance made it the star of the ongoing Allied airlift over the Himalayas in the China-Burma-India theater of operations.

Peace in 1945 cut short the production of C-46s after more than 3,000 were built. The War Assets Administration (WAA) worked with the Air Force to make C-46s available to civilian operators.